找澳大利亚和昆士兰的地理环境、城市、文化、教育方面的知识
昆士兰州概况 Queensland Overview 昆士兰州（Queensland） Queensland (Queensland) 又译作昆士兰省，位于澳大利亚的东北部，是澳大利亚的第二大州，人口排名全澳第三。 Also translated Queensland, is located northeast of Australia, is Australia's second-largest state, the population ranked third in Australia. 据2007年12月统计，昆士兰人口已突破422万人[1]。 In December 2007, according to statistics, the Queensland population has exceeded 4.22 million people [1]. 昆士兰第一大城为布里斯本，人口100.79万（2007年3月数据），同时是昆州的首府。 Brisbane, Queensland's biggest city, for a population of 1.0079 million (March 2007 data), is also the capital of Queensland. 第二大城是观光重镇黄金海岸，人口58.3万（2007年10月数据）[2]。 The second largest city is a tourist city of Gold Coast, population 583,000 (October 2007 data) [2]. 由于昆士兰有相当广大的地区位于热带，所以素有“阳光之州”（Sunshine State）的美称。 Because there are quite a large area of Queensland is located in the tropics, it is known as "Sunshine State" (Sunshine State) of the laudatory. 该州自前任州长彼德毕提大力倡导知识经济，鼓励人们称昆士兰为“智慧之州”（Smart State）。 Since the former governor of the state to advocate the knowledge economy, Peter Beattie, Queensland, to encourage people called the "wisdom of the state" (Smart State).
昆州以农业为主要贸易产品。 Queensland agriculture as the main trade. 全澳的牛奶，咖啡、烟草、花生、木材、豆类、苹果、香蕉、凤梨、木瓜、荔枝、芒果、谷物、甘蔗、棉花等均产于昆士兰。 Australia-wide milk, coffee, tobacco, peanuts, wood, beans, apples, bananas, pineapples, papayas, lychees, mangoes, corn, sugar cane, cotton, Deng Jun produced in Queensland. 该州的矿产资源丰富，产量达全澳的24％。 The state's rich mineral resources, production reached 24% in Australia. 主要有铅、锌、铜、铀、铝矾土、锰、银、金、钼、煤、铁矿砂、石油、天然气、磷酸盐、红金石和蛋白石等。 Mainly lead, zinc, copper, uranium, bauxite, manganese, silver, gold, molybdenum, coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, phosphate, red stone and opal, etc..
政治与历史 Politics and History 欧洲是荷兰人最早大约在17世纪左右发现昆士兰州。 Europe is the Dutch first discovered around about the 17th century Queensland. 1770年，英国库克船长于将昆士兰海岸线绘制成图。 1770, British Captain Cook on the Queensland coastline to map. 1810年以后，昆士兰掀起一波淘金的热潮，吸引了许多移民，而殖民区政府所颁布的土地承租方案，则进一步鼓励了移民潮。 After 1810, the Queensland gold set off a wave of the boom, attracting many immigrants and the colonial district government issued the land leasing program, is further encouraged emigration.
在1859年6月6日以前，昆士兰是英国殖民地新南威尔斯州的一部分。 In the June 6, 1859 before the British colony of New South Wales, Queensland, as part of the state. 该年6月6日，昆士兰颁布了第一部新法。 June 6 that year, the Queensland first enacted the new law. 同年12月10日，昆士兰的第一位总督，Sir George Ferguson Bowen，正式宣布昆士兰从新南威尔斯州独立出来，成为自治的一个州。 December 10 the same year, Queensland's first Governor, Sir George Ferguson Bowen, officially announced the new South Wales, Queensland, independent and become a state of self-government.
1860年，昆士兰举行了该州的第一届选举。 In 1860, Queensland, the state held the first election. 1861年5月22日，昆士兰的州议会正式开议。 May 22, 1861, the Queensland state parliament officially opened discussion. 昆士兰州是澳大利亚工党最先上台执政的州。 Queensland is Australia's first Labor Party came to power in the state. 100多年来该州政府多由工党主政。 More than 100 years that the state government ruled by the Labor Party. 昆士兰州的议员选举分有89个选区，每一区可选出州议员一名，全州总计合为89席。 Queensland council elections, divided into 89 constituencies, each district may elect a state legislator, the state's combined total of 89 seats. 州长即是州议会的多数党领袖。 Governor that is, the majority leader of the state legislature.
最近一次的州内大选是2006年九月，工党获胜，州长彼德·毕提第四次获得该州的执政权。 The most recent state general election in September 2006, the Labor Party won the governor Peter Beattie was the fourth time the state's political power. 2007年9月13日起原州长彼德·毕提交棒予副州长安娜·比利。 September 13, 2007, Peter completed since the original submission of the governor, deputy governor stick to the Anna Billy.
目前昆士兰是澳大利亚唯一不采用议会“两院制”的州。 Queensland is Australia is currently the only non-adoption of parliament "bicameral system" state.
1901年，澳洲成立澳大利亚联邦时，昆士兰也加入成为联邦的一州。 In 1901, Australia was established when the Commonwealth of Australia, Queensland has also joined as a federal state. 昆士兰代表在联邦下议院（Lower House）有28座议席，上议院（Upper House）则有12个席次；双议院的实权在其中的下议院。 Queensland representative in the federal House of Commons (Lower House) has 28 seats in the House of Lords (Upper House) there are 12 seats; dual-chamber House of Commons in which the real power.
地理环境 Geography 昆士兰州位于澳洲东北部，当中较发达的地方，是邻近新南威尔士州边界、以布里斯本与黄金海岸为首的东南部（South-East Queensland）及其沿海城市。 Is located in northeastern Queensland in Australia, of which the more developed parts of the neighboring state of New South Wales border to Brisbane and the Gold Coast led by the south-east (South-East Queensland) and the coastal cities. 昆士兰北面与巴布亚纽几内亚相对比邻，东北面海岸是著名的大堡礁;内陆为广大的平原。 North Queensland and Papua New Guinea is relatively adjacent, north-east coast is the famous Great Barrier Reef; interior of a vast plain. 东面远望南太平洋；西面内陆地区和北领地，以东经138度为界线，与沿海的东岸为大分水岭所分隔；少部份地区有矮山和丘陵。 The South Pacific east afar; the western inland region and the Northern Territory, to 138 degrees east longitude line, and the east coast of the Great Dividing Range along the coast are separated; a small number of low mountains and hilly areas. 西南部与南澳大利亚州隔邻，以南纬29°线为边界。 Southwest and South Australia next to latitude 29 ° line for the border. 全州陆地面积有1,730,648平方公里，比蒙古国全境还大，是澳洲面积上仅次于西澳的州。 The state's land area of 1,730,648 square kilometers, larger than the entire territory of Mongolia, is second only to Australia, an area of Western Australia state. 另外领水和领海面积为121,994平方公里，占总面积的6.58%。 Another area of territorial waters and territorial waters, 121,994 square kilometers, accounting for 6.58% of the total area. 最高的山是Mt Bartle Free，有海拔高1,622公尺高。 The highest mountain is Mt Bartle Free, a high elevation 1,622 meters high.
1974年，澳洲被列入世界遗产自然保护区之一，其中之一是位于昆士兰州东北部的亚热带雨林区，被称为“世上最古老的世界”。 In 1974, Australia was one of the World Heritage nature reserve, one of which is located in the northeast Queensland tropical rainforest, known as "the world's most ancient world." 亚热带雨林区地域含盖The Daintree、Cape Tribulation、昆士兰州最高峰Bartle Frere、Bellenden Ker国家公园、Atherton Tableland湖泊区，还有Barron、Mossman及Tully Gorges等。 Subtropical rain forest area covers The Daintree, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, the peak Bartle Frere, Bellenden Ker National Park, Atherton Tableland lakes area, as well as Barron, Mossman and Tully Gorges and so on.
凯恩斯为观赏亚热带雨林文化的门户，拥有向导经验丰富的步行团，亦可搭巴士或乘坐缆车等多样化的选择，此外还有晚间去观察动物夜生活的别致游程。 Cairns is the gateway to culture, ornamental subtropical rainforest, with an experienced guide walking group, can also take a bus or take a cable car and other variety of choices, in addition to the evening to observe the animals, run-chic night life. 另一雨林区，分别于1986年和1994年被列入世界遗产自然保护区的是范围自昆士兰州东南部至新南威尔斯州西北部的亚热带雨林区。 The other rain forest areas, respectively, in 1986 and 1994 were included in the scope of the World Heritage nature reserve is the self-south-east Queensland to the north-west New South Wales subtropical rainforest. 这区雨林面积亦极为广大，约40万公顷，以植物生长可分为亚热带、干燥区、温暖带和寒冷区。 An area of rainforest in this area is also very large, about 40 million hectares, in order to plant growth can be divided into sub-tropical, dry area, a warm zone and cold zone. 本地的雨林可找到世界上最古老的羊齿类和各式各样奇珍异草。 Hong Kong can be found in the rainforests of the world's oldest fern classes and a variety Exotic Yi Cao. 在众多宝贵遗产中，最具代表性的是远古时代的脊椎动物科与软体动物的化石，可推敲至整个地球动物生长的根源与进化生态是如何演进的。 Among the many precious heritage, the most representative of the ancient vertebrate branches and mollusk fossils, can be refined to the root causes of the growth of the entire planet and evolution of Animal Ecology is how evolution.
州内主要城市与分区 Major cities within the state and the District 中文名 Chinese name
英文名／地方政府官网 English name / local government official website
市民人口／分区人口 Members of the public Population / Population Division
特色备注 Features Notes
统计分区 Statistics Division
托雷斯海峡 Torres Strait
Torres Strait Torres Strait
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位于昆士兰与巴布亚纽几内亚之间的海域 Queensland and Papua New Guinea is located in the waters between the
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凯恩斯 Cairns
Cairns Cairns
135,856人／253,721人 135,856 persons / 253,721 people
国际观光城市 International tourist city
Far North Far North
伊萨山 Mount Isa
Mt. Isa Mt. Isa
33,336人（分区） 33,336 people (partition)
内陆矿产重镇，人口趋于减少 Inland mining town, the population tends to reduce the
North West North West
汤斯维 Tom Sweeney
Townsville Townsville
99,670人／214,295人 99,670 persons / 214,295 people
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North North
麦凯 Mackay
Mackay Mackay
79,172人／163,127人 79,172 persons / 163,127 people
人口比2001年成长16.2% The population growth of 16.2% over 2001
Mackay Mackay
洛坎普顿 Rockhampton
Rockhampton Rockhampton
74,530人／204,537人 74,530 persons / 204,537 people
观光城市 Tourist city
Fitzroy Fitzroy
格列士敦 Greg Johnston
Gladstone Gladstone
47,169人／204,537人 47,169 persons / 204,537 people
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Fitzroy Fitzroy
朗芮 Langrui
Longreach Longreach
11,397人（分区） 11,397 people (partition)
人口呈现减少 Reduction in the population show
Central West Central West
查理维尔 Charles Neville
Charleville Charleville
26,161人（分区） 26,161 people (partition)
人口呈现减少 Reduction in the population show
South West South West
班德堡 Bundaberg
Bundaberg Bundaberg
64,663人／275,734人 64,663 persons / 275,734 people
观光城市，人口比2001年成长13.9%，内含贺维湾、金彼、玛莉伯勒等城镇 Tourist city, the population growth of 13.9% compared with 2001, containing Sir Geoffrey Bay, King Peter, Malibole towns
Wide Bay-Burnett Wide Bay-Burnett