cos下限

(t) = cost,0 ≤ t ≤ x

将所求面积分割为n等份的长方体,每份的底长为(x - 0)/n = x/n

而每份的高为?(x/n),?(2x/n),?(3x/n)...?(kx/n)...?(nx/n)

其中第k个长方体的面积为(x/n)?(kx/n)

k个这样的长方体的总面积为Σ(k=1→n) (x/n)?(kx/n),这是大约的面积

取极限,当底长趋向无限小时,lim(n→∞) Σ(k=1→n) (x/n)?(kx/n) = ∫(0→x) ?(t) dt

= lim(n→∞) (x/n) Σ(k=1→n) cos(kx/n)

= lim(n→∞) (x/n)[cos(x/n) + cos(2x/n) + cos(3x/n) + ... + cos((n - 1)x/n) + cos(nx/n)]

= lim(n→∞) (x/n)(1/2)[cosx - 1 + sinxtan(2n/x)]

= x * (sinx)/x

= sinx