请大家帮我用英语回答一下（每题大概200词）

1.For payers, formulary matters because it affects the value proposition, which is derived initially and significantly from encouraging prescribing of lower-cost alternatives. It’s also the easiest component of the EHR to measure. Eligibility matters because of the complexities associated with pharmacy benefit design. It’s kind of complex but, in summary, benefits for companies such as GM, Ford and Chrysler or the UAW—who carve out the pharmacy benefit—may often be misidentified in the EHR if eligibility is not involved. In managing the Southeastern Michigan ePrescribing Initiative (SEMI), we found an average savings of $4.78 per prescription. When that analysis was completed, all prescribing decisions were made from an eligibility-informed formulary.

2.Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of medical doctors (D.O. or M.D.) in the United States, from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists.

A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented below; however, medicine is a diverse profession with many options available. For example, some doctors work in pharmaceutical research, occupational medicine (within a company), public health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.

3.Anesthesiologists are physicians who provide medical care to patients when doing surgical procedures. Anesthesiologists are responsible for ensuring the delivery of anesthesia safely to patients in virtually all health care settings, including all major medical and tertiary care facilities. This includes a preoperative evaluation, consultation with the surgical team, creating a plan for the anesthesia tailored to each individual patient, airway management, intraoperative life support and provision of pain control, intraoperative diagnostic stabilization, and proper post-operative management of patients. Preparation of patients for emergency surgery are mandatory, essential, and critical skills that anesthesiologists have been trained to employ. Because anesthesiologists are physicians, in contrast to other anesthesia providers, they are able to utilize their extensive knowledge of human physiology and diseases to guide their decision making.

Historically there has been a shortage of anesthesiologists. In order to better serve the population, residency positions in anesthesiology for physicians have been steadily increasing the past several years. In addition, physicians supervise ACTs, or Anesthesia Care Teams, which are composed of a supervising physician with several certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) or anesthesiologist assistants (AAs), working together to provide healthcare to the population. In other areas of the country, anesthesiologists work in what is deemed a "solo" or "MD/DO only" practice, during which they provide anesthesia in a "one on one" relationship with the patient.

A consultant anesthetist in the UK is a fully qualified doctor, who has spent at least 9 years (7 of which should be in anesthesia) after graduation as a trainee, and is appointed as a consultant. A trainee anesthetist in the UK is a fully qualified doctor on their way to become a consultant; they could be 2 years post graduation or may be even 10 years post graduation.

4.Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.[2] This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).

The three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM) are:

Type 1 DM results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or "juvenile" diabetes)

Type 2 DM results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or "adult-onset" diabetes)

Gestational diabetes is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.

5.List of Necessary Stuff to Have: Your medicine cabinet should have general health items and emergency supplies. Given below are some crucial items:

1.) Plasters and bandages

2.) Vapor rub or oils to take care of cold, body-aches and headaches

3.) Cold medicines, cough syrups and decongestants

4.) Digital or chemical-dot thermometer to check body temperature

5.) Antiseptic and antibiotic creams or sprays

6.) Heat water bottles, ice/heat packs

7.) Antihistamine creams to take care of allergic reactions

8.) Paracetamol tablets for children and adults

9.) Ibuprofen also know as advil or motrin

10.) Medicine dropper, oral syringe or calibrated spoon to administer the drugs

11.) Sunscreens created to block UVA and UVB rays

12.) Petroleum jelly

13.) Tweezers

14.) Gels to decrease pain of mouth ulcers and dental infections

15.) Insect repellents

Stock the Medicines in Separate Containers: Stock medicines in original containers and label each container correctly so no one takes the wrong medicine by mistake.

6.Although about 50 to 60% of people in China are estimated to have consulted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors at least once, western medicine is the officially recognized system of health care in China. TCM has not been recognized or funded by health authorities (Tang and Wong, 1998). There are currently no registration and professional certification requirements for TCM doctors to practice in China. This situation is about to change in the near future. In his annual policy address in October 1998 , the China Government cited the development of TCM as one of several strategies to stimulate long term economic growth in the territory .Legislation on Chinese medicine will be introduced in 1999, and formal registration of TCM doctors is scheduled to begin in 2000 .